You might be surprised to know that where bitcoin come from is something of a mystery. In 2009, Bitcoin.org went live, and a few months later a person or group calling themselves Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin whitepaper. This entity also did a load of Bitcoin mining, and the Satoshi stash is still one of the largest.
Today, Bitcoin has no specific location. The blockchain that allows Bitcoin to operate is global, and isn't subject to the laws of any nation, nor can it be shut down at will. From a practical perspective, Bitcoin's nodes mine the token, which create news blocks on the blockchain as transactions are processed.
As a fully public blockchain, anyone who knows how can find the transactions, and make sure that everything is working as it should be. Despite the rise in mining costs (and the recent drop in mining rewards), the Bitcoin blockchain is still robust, and works 24/7 anywhere a person has access to the internet.
While we don't know precisely where Bitcoin originated, we can be sure that is has cemented itself as one of the most valuable decentralized asset in the world, and it has a bright future ahead of it.